At this time, the constitution of the islamic republic of iran, as an articulation of the political, social, cultural, and economic relations and institutions of the society, was to open the way for af. In view of the nature of the popular and broadbased movement of the iranian. The river drains the combined waters of the euphrates and tigris rivers of iraq, and the karun river of iran. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of iran government 2020 information contained here. At the top is the supreme leader, selected by the assembly of experts, who is commanderinchief of the military and oversees the civilian government. The united states was an ally of the late shah of iran, mohammad reza pahlavi the shah, who ruled from 1941 until his ouster in february 1979. Written by secretariat of the national council of resistance of iran ncri on 21 february 2020. Irans government structure can be difficult for foreigners to understand. Much of the sediment clouding the water in this image of the persian gulf is from the shatt al arab river, which enters the gulf in the north along the iran iraq border.
From them also, thrust up in the wake of the volcanic activity of late pliocene times, came diorite and obsidian, both highly prized in antiquity. In 1795 the qajar family established a dynasty that would rule iran until 1925. Since the early 1990s the iranian government has allocated considerable resources to road construction and repair, and about half the roads are now paved. President hasan fereidun rohani overview government name.
According to reports from 26 out of the 31 provinces across the country, until 3. At the top of irans power structure is the supreme leader, ayatollah ali khamenei, who succeeded ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, the father of the iranian revolution, upon khomeinis death in 1989. Each province was subdivided into several counties shahrestans. Islamic republic of iran army the artesh, islamic revolutionary guard corps irgc and the basij resistance force. Exports to iran in general, unless licensed by ofac, goods, technology, or services may not be exported, reexported, sold or supplied, directly or indirectly, from the united states or by a u. Who holds the power bbclearn about how iran s complex political system works and who really wields the power. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about iran government 2020 should be addressed to the cia or the source cited on each page. For other political parties see list of political parties in iran. Supreme leader ali hoseinikhamenei head of government. It is not a presidential system in the american sense because the iranian president is responsible to parliament as are his ministers. Iran tensions in may 2019, president trump has indicated a willingness to.
Iran is a theocratic islamic republic governed under a 1979 constitution that was revised in 1989, when presidential powers were exp. Iran s government since the revolution of 1979, iran has been ruled by a complex governmental structure. This paper provides an introduction to the islamic republic of iran, its politics, economics, foreign and defence policies, and its nuclear programme. Of a total population of about 65 million, more than 46 million people all those over 18 are eligible to vote. Soon, the worlds leading state sponsor of terrorism will be free to sell weapons to anyone, and china, russia, and others will be able to sell tanks, missiles, air defense equipment, and other dangerous weapons to the iranian regime.
As of 1987, iran was divided into twentyfour provinces ostans. Iran says tall, white space aliens control america. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. While articles one and two vest sovereignty in god. It seeks to demystify the clerical regime, provide an insight into the theocracys goals and ambitions and its factions, debates, rivalries and policies. Meanwhile, iran formed a coalition with saudi arabia, tunisia, which later became the organization of islamic conference and joined opec.
Government is elected but from a special group of people related to the governance, governance claims to be elected but indeed not. Iran s domestic and foreign policies alan salehzadeh iran has a reputation of being a problematic country. Although the constitution stipulates that the institutions and structure of government are under the supervision and protection of the leader. The guardian council is made up of six appointees from the supreme leader and six elected by the. Iran s legislature comprises of two houses the islamic consultative assembly and the guardian council. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran provides a solid foundation and a structure for a democratic and islamic government built on the ruins of the former despotic monarchic regime. The structure of power in iran supreme leader at the top of iran s power structure is the supreme leader, ayatollah ali khamenei, who succeeded ayatollah rouhollah khomeini, the father of the iranian revolution, upon ayatollah khomeinis death in 1989. Preface vii introduction abbas milani and larry diamond 1 1 ayatollah khomeinis theory of government arash naraghi 15 2 cleavages in iranian politics since 1979 hossein bashiriyeh 33 3 democracy after the green movement mehrangiz kar 69 4 examining iran s legal structure fatemeh haghighatjoo 91 5 the rule of the basij in iranian politics saeid golkar 115 6 a portrait of the persian. Pdf governance and development in iran researchgate. Click on the flow chart below to find out more about iran s complex political system. Pdf the power structure of the islamic republic of iran. In part, this is due to the intrinsic complexity of iran s system, which some argue is due to the combination of modern institutions like the majles and assembly of experts with premodern ones like the supreme leader. The structure and content of the country information section follows a.
Right now, it is proceeding with its nuclear program despite the opposition of the west and neighboring countries and the massive sanctions inflicted upon it. The political system and governmental structure of the islamic republic of. Iran is served by 5 major ports on the persian gulf, the largest being. Young people constitute a large part of the electorate with about 50% of voters being under 30. Unique to iran, there is one other section of the government with ties to the executive branch. Iran is a unitary islamic republic with one legislative house. The islamic republic of iran has struggled with its primary political identity since the 1979 revolution.
The members of this assembly are elected, but all candidates for office including the president have to be approved by the guardian council. At the apex of irans government stands the supreme leader. All of the shahrestans consisted of two or more districts, or bakhshs. Government of the islamic republic of iran wikipedia. Policy and options congressional research service 1 political history iran is a country of nearly 80 million people, located in the heart of the persian gulf region. This document is meant to catalogue and explain some of the prerogatives and regulations affecting local government in iran based on an analysis of the legal framework. The country is also struggling with domestic issues. Library of congress federal research division country profile. Irans political, demographic, and economic vulnerabilities rand.
Constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements. Iran is a republic in which the president, parliament majles and judicial system share powers. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. A large expanse of clear sky permitted this naturalcolor satellite image of the.
The countrys 1979 constitution put into place a mixed system of government, in which the executive, parliament, and judiciary are overseen by several bodies dominated by the clergy. Facing the uncertainty of a new prime minister, hassan danaiefar, then iran s ambassador, called a secret meeting of senior staffers at the iranian embassy, a hulking, fortified structure just. Iran s military structure is broken up into three branches, with the ayatollah. Assembly of experts within iran political structure. The judiclary is an independent branch whose powers and responsibilities include administration and implementation of justice, supervision on the proper enforcement of the law, of the promotion of legitimate freedoms, protection of individual and public rights, providing due process for the resolution of judicial disputes, and investigation, prosecution, and punishment of. Parliament can require the president or his ministers to attend its sessions and answer questions, and can remove ministers if it chooses.
The government of the islamic republic of iran known simply as ne. After the islamic revolution became victorious iranians designed a structure of governance which would both. The structure of iran s government inside the islamic republic. Irans government structure theocratic republic aka. Inside iran the structure of power in iran terror and. Measured by surface area, the caspian sea is the worlds largest inland water body. The power structure of the islamic republic of iran. Khomeini and khamenei are the only two men to have held the office since the founding of the islamic republic in 1979. The consultative assembly comprises peoples representatives directly elected by the countrys citizenry through secret ballot. The rand corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing. Constitutional theocracy the islamic assembly is iran s version of a congress however it is unicameral. It covers roughly 371,000 sq km 143,200 sq mi and borders five countries.
Management and planning organization of iran and then proposed by the government to. This could start a new arms race in the middle east. Most shahrestans took their names from those towns that served as county seats. Shahrestans numbered 195, each of which was centered on the largest town within its boundaries.